Student Pilot
Toolbag

Skills - rate how you're doing

• ▸Straight-and-level flight (instruments)

  How this maneuver goes - Airplane Flying Handbook

  1. Establish a level-flight pitch and power setting, then trim.
  2. Cross-check attitude indicator, altimeter, VSI for pitch; correct small deviations on the attitude indicator.
  3. Cross-check attitude indicator, heading indicator, turn coordinator to keep wings level and heading constant.
  4. Cross-check airspeed, adjusting power to hold the target.
  5. Small smooth inputs, re-trim to hold altitude/heading hands-off.
  6. Continue the scan, avoiding fixation, correcting before deviations grow.

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• ▸Constant-airspeed climbs & descents (instruments)

  How this maneuver goes - Airplane Flying Handbook

  1. From level flight, adjust pitch on the attitude indicator and set climb/descent power together.
  2. Cross-check airspeed; refine pitch to hold the target airspeed.
  3. Cross-check attitude indicator, heading indicator, turn coordinator to hold wings level/heading.
  4. Trim once airspeed/vertical speed stabilize.
  5. Lead the level-off by adjusting pitch, then set cruise power and re-trim.
  6. Cross-check altimeter, airspeed, VSI to confirm the level-off.

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• ▸Turns to headings (instruments)

  How this maneuver goes - Airplane Flying Handbook

  1. Note the target heading and shorter direction of turn.
  2. Roll to the desired bank on the attitude indicator (standard-rate / ≤~25–30°), confirm rate on the turn coordinator.
  3. Cross-check attitude indicator, altimeter, VSI to hold altitude (slight back-pressure for the bank).
  4. Scan the heading indicator; lead the rollout by ~half the bank angle.
  5. Roll smoothly to wings level, stopping on the target heading.
  6. Cross-check heading indicator, attitude indicator, altimeter; re-trim.

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• ▸Recovery from unusual flight attitudes

  How this maneuver goes - Airplane Flying Handbook

  1. Recognize the attitude on the attitude indicator, confirm against airspeed trend/altimeter/VSI; disconnect autopilot.
  2. **Nose-high** (airspeed decreasing): add power, forward-elevator to lower the nose/reduce AOA, and roll to wings level (coordinated) on the attitude indicator.
  3. **Nose-low** (airspeed increasing — spiral dive): reduce power toward idle.
  4. Nose-low: apply small forward-elevator to unload to ~+1G before rolling (don't aggravate the dive with aft-elevator).
  5. Nose-low: roll to wings level (coordinated) — complete the roll before raising the nose.
  6. Nose-low: gently raise the nose to level to avoid over-stressing the airframe; add climb power as airspeed stabilizes.
  7. Return to a normal cross-check and straight-and-level, avoiding a secondary stall or over-control.

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