Student Pilot
Toolbag

Skills - rate how you're doing

• ▸Steep turns

  How this maneuver goes - Airplane Flying Handbook

  1. Clear the area, pick a rollout reference, establish entry speed at/below Va/Vo.
  2. Smoothly roll into a 45°–60° bank.
  3. As the bank passes ~30°, add back pressure and power to hold altitude/airspeed.
  4. Hold the bank constant with aileron against overbanking; coordinate with rudder.
  5. Reference nose and wings to the horizon; small pitch corrections while holding bank.
  6. If the nose drops, first shallow the bank, then raise the nose.
  7. Lead rollout by ~half the bank angle; reduce back pressure/power to arrive wings-level on heading at altitude.

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• ▸Rectangular course

  How this maneuver goes - Airplane Flying Handbook

  1. Clear the area, pick a rectangular field, set up ½–¾ mile outside the boundaries at constant altitude/airspeed.
  2. Enter downwind (highest groundspeed); hold the leg parallel to the boundary.
  3. Downwind→base: steeper bank, shallowing through the turn; roll out crabbed, turning >90°.
  4. Base→upwind: medium bank, shallowing as groundspeed drops; turn <90°.
  5. Upwind→crosswind: shallow bank (lowest groundspeed); turn <90°.
  6. Crosswind→downwind: medium bank, steepening as groundspeed builds; turn >90°.
  7. Throughout, match bank to groundspeed (faster = steeper) to hold equal distance from the field.

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• ▸S-turns

  How this maneuver goes - Airplane Flying Handbook

  1. Clear the area, pick a straight reference perpendicular to the wind, set constant altitude/airspeed.
  2. Cross the line at 90° from the downwind side; begin a 180° constant-radius turn.
  3. Roll in steeply at the start (highest groundspeed), shallowing as groundspeed decreases.
  4. Time the rollout to re-cross the line wings-level at 90°.
  5. Immediately roll into the opposite 180° turn on the other side.
  6. Starting upwind, roll in shallow, steepening as the turn carries back toward downwind.
  7. Re-cross the line wings-level at 90°; continue alternating equal half-circles.

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• ▸Turns around a point

  How this maneuver goes - Airplane Flying Handbook

  1. Clear the area, pick a prominent small reference; choose radius/altitude that keeps it visible.
  2. Enter downwind at the chosen radius (fastest groundspeed) with the steepest bank.
  3. Turning downwind→upwind, progressively shallow the bank (shallowest directly upwind).
  4. Turning upwind→downwind, progressively steepen back to the steepest at the entry point.
  5. On the downwind half keep the nose ahead of ground position; on the upwind half, behind.
  6. Hold coordinated aileron/rudder, constantly adjusting bank to keep a constant radius.
  7. Complete at least one full 360° (fly two+ to refine wind corrections).

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