Plain English Meaning
The paperwork a pilot fills out to apply for a new certificate or rating. It lists who they are, what they're applying for, and the flight time and training they've completed. The examiner needs it before the checkride can begin.
Full Definition
The official FAA application form titled 'Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application,' submitted by an applicant seeking a pilot certificate or additional rating. The form records the applicant's personal information, certificate sought, aeronautical experience, and instructor endorsements, and is presented to the examiner at the start of a practical test.
Context Anchor
You will see FAA Form 8710-1 when preparing a student or yourself for a practical test, often through the FAA’s online application .