Plain English Meaning
The part of the engine that controls how much fuel goes in, so the engine gets the right fuel-to-air mix to run properly.
Full Definition
The components of an aircraft engine that measure and deliver the correct amount of fuel to be mixed with air before combustion. In a piston engine this is either a carburetor or a fuel injection system, along with the controls (throttle and mixture) that regulate how much fuel reaches the cylinders.
Context Anchor
You encounter this term in engine operation discussions, especially during takeoff and climb when the engine must produce steady, full power.