Definition
An uncontrolled, rapid horizontal rotation of an airplane about its vertical axis while on the ground, typically occurring during the landing roll or takeoff roll. It happens when the tail of the aircraft swings outward faster than the pilot can correct, causing the airplane to pivot sharply, often resulting in a wingtip strike, gear damage, or loss of directional control.
Plain English
When an airplane suddenly spins sideways on the runway while rolling on its wheels, swinging around like the hand of a clock instead of tracking straight.
Context Anchor
Seen in ground handling, takeoff, and landing discussions, especially with narrow, rough, or confined operating areas.
Derivation
A combination of 'ground' and 'loop.' 'Loop' here refers to the circular path the airplane traces as it pivots. The word literally describes the airplane making a loop — but on the ground rather than in the air.
Why Pilots Care
Can result in wingtip or propeller damage and is a leading cause of ground incidents in tailwheel aircraft.
Intuition Check
Do not read “looping” here as a planned flying maneuver. In this context, it means an unwanted turn or spin around while the airplane is rolling on the ground.
Example Sentence 1
The student released the rudder too early during the landing roll, and the airplane began to ground-loop before the instructor caught it.
Example Sentence 2
Strong surface winds increase the chance of ground-looping on narrow runways if directional control is lost.