Definition
In a METAR, gusting describes wind that is varying rapidly in speed, with peaks of at least 10 knots above the reported sustained wind speed observed during the past 10 minutes. It is reported using the letter G between the sustained speed and the peak gust speed (e.g., 18G28KT means wind sustained at 18 knots, gusting to 28 knots).
Plain English
The wind isn't steady. It's blowing at one speed most of the time but suddenly jumping to a higher speed in short bursts.
Context Anchor
Seen in METAR wind groups, such as 27012G22KT, where the wind is from 270 degrees at 12 knots gusting to 22 knots.
Derivation
From the Old Norse 'gustr,' meaning a sudden rush of wind. The aviation use keeps the everyday meaning but adds a specific threshold: the peak must be at least 10 knots above the sustained wind to qualify as a gust.
Why Pilots Care
Gusts can suddenly change lift and control during takeoff and landing, so pilots plan higher approach speeds and stay alert for handling corrections.
Grounding Statement
Picture holding an umbrella in wind that is manageable for a moment, then suddenly pushes much harder for a few seconds.
Intuition Check
Gusting does not just mean “windy.” It means the wind speed is changing quickly enough that the stronger bursts are reported separately.
Example Sentence 1
The METAR read 24018G28KT, so we briefed for a sustained wind of 18 knots gusting to 28 on final.
Example Sentence 2
With surface winds gusting to 22 knots, the instructor had me practice power-on stalls to stay ahead of any sudden lift loss.