Plain English Meaning

Four separate forces produced by the spinning propeller and engine that all push the airplane's nose to the left, especially during takeoff and climb. The pilot counters them with right rudder.

Full Definition

A collective term for four aerodynamic and mechanical effects that cause a single-engine, propeller-driven airplane with a clockwise-rotating propeller (as viewed from the cockpit) to yaw or roll to the left, particularly at high power settings and high angles of attack. The four effects are torque reaction, spiraling slipstream, (asymmetric propeller ), and .