Plain English Meaning
Aircraft that fly through an airport's controlled airspace without stopping there. They are just passing through on their way somewhere else.
Full Definition
Aircraft that pass through an airport's airspace or surface area without landing at or departing from that airport. In the context of ATC towers, overflights are aircraft transiting the tower's Class B, C, D, or E surface area while continuing on to a different destination.
Context Anchor
Seen in ATC tower discussions when a control tower handles aircraft arriving, departing, or passing through the airport area.
Derivation
From 'over' (above) + 'flight'. Literally an aircraft flying over an area without landing. The 'over' here means 'across' or 'through,' not just 'directly above.'