Plain English Meaning
These are the specific airspeeds the manufacturer tells you to fly for different situations — the speed for best climb, the speed not to exceed, the speed for safe maneuvering, and so on. Each one has a short code starting with V.
Full Definition
A standardized set of airspeeds, established by the manufacturer and published in the Pilot's Operating Handbook, that define safe and efficient operating limits and target speeds for specific phases of flight or aircraft configurations. Each performance speed is identified by a V-speed designation (such as VS, VX, VY, VA, VFE, VNO, VNE) and represents either a regulatory limit, a stall reference, or a recommended speed for a particular or .