Definition
Runways and taxiways that have been taken out of service permanently and are no longer usable for aircraft operations. They are identified by specific visual markings: lighting is disabled, runway threshold markings, runway designators, and touchdown zone markings are obliterated, and a yellow X is placed at each end of the runway and at 1,000-foot intervals along its length. Permanently closed taxiways are marked the same way at each end.
Plain English
A runway or taxiway that has been shut down for good. The airport marks it with big yellow Xs so pilots know not to land or taxi on it.
Context Anchor
Seen in airport marking and lighting guidance, on airport surfaces, and sometimes when looking at an airport from the air during arrival or departure planning.
Why Pilots Care
Recognizing these markings prevents attempts to use unsafe surfaces that could cause damage or accidents.
Grounding Statement
If you see a large X on a runway or taxiway surface, treat that surface as not available unless current airport information says otherwise.
Intuition Check
Do not read “permanently closed” as “closed right now but maybe available later today.” In this context, it means the surface has been removed from normal airport use and is marked so pilots avoid it.
Example Sentence 1
On final approach, the pilot noticed a yellow X at the threshold and realized the runway was permanently closed, so she sidestepped to the parallel runway.
Example Sentence 2
During the runway inspection the crew confirmed the permanently closed taxiway was properly marked to avoid accidental use.