Plain English Meaning
A check done on the ground where the pilot brings the engine up to a set higher power setting and goes through a list of tests to make sure everything is working before taking off.
Full Definition
A pre-takeoff ground check in which the engine is operated at a specified higher RPM to verify that the engine, magnetos, propeller, carburetor heat, and associated systems are functioning correctly before flight.
Context Anchor
Used during the before-takeoff check, usually in the run-up area or another safe place near the runway before the airplane lines up for .