Definition
A material whose ability to conduct electricity falls between that of a conductor (such as copper) and an insulator (such as rubber). Its conductivity can be controlled by adding small amounts of other elements, by temperature, or by applied voltage, which makes it the foundation of diodes, transistors, and integrated circuits used in aircraft electronic systems.
Plain English
A material that conducts electricity only partly, and can be made to conduct more or less depending on how it is treated or what voltage is applied to it. This controllable behavior is what makes electronic components like diodes and transistors work.
Context Anchor
Seen in aircraft electrical and electronic system discussions, especially when studying radios, displays, sensors, and charging-system controls.
Derivation
From the Latin 'semi-' meaning 'half' and 'conductor' from 'conducere' meaning 'to lead together.' Literally a 'half-conductor' — it lets electricity through, but only partly, which is exactly how it behaves.
Why Pilots Care
Most modern aircraft avionics, ignition systems, and power electronics rely on semiconductor components. Understanding the term helps when reading wiring diagrams, troubleshooting electronic units, or interpreting maintenance manuals.
Intuition Check
Do not think of a semiconductor material as simply a poor conductor. Its value is that its electrical behavior can be controlled.
Example Sentence 1
Silicon is the most common semiconductor material used in aircraft electronic components.
Example Sentence 2
Modern aircraft radios use semiconductor material in their transistors to keep the units lightweight and reliable.