Definition
A wind condition reported by automated weather systems when the wind direction shifts by 60 degrees or more during the observation period and the wind speed is greater than 6 knots. It is reported as 'VRB' followed by the wind speed (for example, VRB04KT). When the wind speed is 6 knots or less, the wind may also be reported as variable regardless of how much the direction changes.
Plain English
The wind is shifting around so much that no single direction can be given, so the report just says the direction is variable and gives the speed.
Context Anchor
Seen in automated weather reports, METARs, and cockpit weather briefings before takeoff, landing, or instrument approach planning.
Derivation
Variable comes from a Latin word meaning “changeable.” That helps here because the key idea is not the strength of the wind, but that its direction is changing.
Why Pilots Care
Affects runway selection, crosswind calculations, and the decision to delay takeoff or landing until conditions stabilize.
Grounding Statement
Picture the windsock swinging back and forth instead of pointing steadily in one direction.
Intuition Check
Do not read variable wind direction as “the wind speed is changing.” Here, variable means the direction the wind is coming from is changing.
Example Sentence 1
The ATIS reported wind as VRB at 4 knots, so the tower offered the pilot a choice of runways.
Example Sentence 2
With variable wind direction reported, expect possible changes in crosswind during the landing rollout.