Definition
A defined point on a non-precision straight-in instrument approach procedure from which a normal descent from the Minimum Descent Altitude (MDA) to the runway touchdown point may begin, provided the pilot has the required visual reference. The VDP is identified on the approach chart by the symbol 'v' and is normally located using DME, RNAV distance, or a timing/altitude reference.
Plain English
A specific spot on a non-precision approach where, if you can see the runway, you can leave your minimum altitude and start a normal descent to land. Before that spot, even if you see the runway, you should stay at the minimum altitude.
Context Anchor
Seen on instrument approach charts, especially during nonprecision approaches that lead straight to a runway.
Derivation
From 'visual' (you must see the runway environment) and 'descent point' (the place where descent below MDA may begin). The name describes exactly what it is: the point at which a visual descent is allowed.
Why Pilots Care
It marks the latest point from which a stabilized descent can be made while still meeting obstacle clearance requirements.
Intuition Check
The VDP is not an automatic command to descend. It is the first suitable point to descend only if you have the required visual references and can make a normal descent to the runway.
Example Sentence 1
We crossed the VDP with the runway in sight and began a normal descent to landing.
Example Sentence 2
When the VDP was passed without visual contact, the pilot maintained MDA until reaching the missed approach point.