Definition
A method of navigation that permits aircraft operation on any desired flight path within the coverage of ground- or space-based navigation aids, or within the limits of the capability of self-contained aids, or a combination of these. RNAV allows the pilot to fly directly between any two points defined by latitude and longitude, rather than being restricted to flying from one ground-based navigation station to the next.
Plain English
A way of navigating that lets the aircraft fly a straight line between any two points the pilot chooses, instead of having to fly from one ground station to another.
Context Anchor
Seen in flight plans, instrument procedures, GPS-based routes, and route clearances that include RNAV fixes or RNAV procedures.
Derivation
Area' here means 'within an area of coverage' rather than 'along a fixed line between stations.' The name was chosen to contrast with the older point-to-point navigation, where pilots could only fly directly to or from a ground transmitter. RNAV means navigation anywhere within the covered area.
Why Pilots Care
Allows shorter, more efficient routes, fuel savings, and access to airports that lack traditional ground navigation aids.
Intuition Check
RNAV does not mean “GPS only.” GPS is one common way to provide RNAV, but RNAV can use different position sources. RNAV also does not mean the pilot can fly any random path; the route or procedure still has to be authorized and suitable for the aircraft’s equipment.
Example Sentence 1
The pilot filed an RNAV route directly from the departure airport to the destination, bypassing the older airway system.
Example Sentence 2
RNAV procedures let the aircraft fly a curved path around restricted airspace during the arrival.