Definition
An air traffic control (ATC) authorization for a pilot operating under instrument flight rules (IFR) to execute any standard or special instrument approach procedure published for the destination airport. Once issued, the pilot may begin the approach in accordance with published procedures.
Plain English
ATC is telling the pilot they may now fly the instrument approach into the airport. The pilot can choose any published approach unless ATC specifies a particular one.
Context Anchor
Heard on the radio during instrument flying when air traffic control is allowing the pilot to begin the final procedure toward an airport.
Derivation
Cleared comes from the idea of being made free or permitted to proceed. Approach means moving toward something. In aviation, the phrase has a specific control meaning: permission from air traffic control to fly the approach procedure, not just a general statement that the way ahead looks clear.
Why Pilots Care
It authorizes descent and maneuvering according to the approach procedure, which is essential for safe arrival in instrument conditions.
Intuition Check
Do not read this as “cleared to land.” Cleared For Approach means permission to fly the approach procedure; permission to land must be given separately.
Example Sentence 1
After being vectored toward the final approach course, the pilot heard, 'Cessna 123, cleared for the ILS Runway 27 approach.'
Example Sentence 2
Once cleared for approach, the pilot configured the aircraft for landing and began tracking the localizer.