Definition
A method of testing in which a student's performance is measured against a fixed, predetermined standard rather than against the performance of other students. The student either meets the standard or does not.
Plain English
A test where you pass by hitting a set target, not by scoring better than the people next to you.
Context Anchor
Seen in aviation training and testing discussions, especially when explaining how pilot knowledge tests, stage checks, and practical evaluations are judged.
Derivation
From Latin criterium, meaning 'a standard for judging.' The term simply means testing referenced to a criterion — a fixed standard — rather than to a group average.
Why Pilots Care
In aviation training it ensures every pilot must demonstrate the same required level of skill and knowledge before certification, regardless of how other students perform.
Analogy
It is like a driving test: you are judged against the rules and required maneuvers, not against how well the person before you drove.
Intuition Check
Do not read criterion referenced as meaning graded on a curve. It means graded against a fixed standard.
Example Sentence 1
The private pilot checkride uses criterion referenced testing, so the applicant must meet the standards in the Airman Certification Standards regardless of how other applicants perform.
Example Sentence 2
Because the knowledge test is criterion referenced, a student passes by reaching the required score rather than by ranking higher than others.