Definition
On a non-precision instrument approach, the final approach fix is the published point at which the final, straight-in descent toward the runway begins. It is depicted on the approach chart by a Maltese cross symbol in the profile view and marks the transition from the intermediate segment to the final approach segment.
Plain English
It is the spot on an instrument approach where you stop maneuvering toward the runway and begin the final descent down to the landing.
Context Anchor
Seen on instrument approach charts, especially in the plan view, as the point just before the final path to the runway.
Derivation
A 'fix' in aviation is a defined geographic point a pilot can identify using navigation equipment. 'Final approach' is the last segment of the approach before landing. So a final approach fix is simply the navigation point that defines the start of that last segment.
Why Pilots Care
It marks the point where the aircraft must be properly configured and begin the descent toward the runway or missed approach point.
Grounding Statement
Picture the final approach fix as the charted gate you pass through before following the final path down toward the runway.
Intuition Check
Do not read fix as repair. In aviation navigation, a fix is a known position. Do not read final as only the last few seconds before landing; here it means the charted final segment of the instrument approach.
Example Sentence 1
The pilot crossed the final approach fix, started the timer, and began descending toward the minimum descent altitude.
Example Sentence 2
After passing the FAF the pilot configured the aircraft for landing and continued tracking the final approach course.