Definition
A precision instrument approach using an Instrument Landing System that permits the pilot to descend to a decision height of not less than 100 feet above the touchdown zone, with a runway visual range of not less than 1,200 feet. It requires specially certified airborne equipment, a qualified flightcrew, and a runway and ILS ground installation approved for Category II operations.
Plain English
A more demanding type of ILS approach that lets the pilot fly down to 100 feet above the runway before needing to see it, instead of the usual 200 feet. It is only allowed when the aircraft, the crew, and the runway are all specifically approved for it.
Context Anchor
Seen on instrument approach charts, aircraft authorization documents, and training material for low-visibility approaches.
Derivation
‘Category’ comes from the Greek katēgoria, meaning ‘a class or grouping.’ ILS approaches are sorted into Categories I, II, and III based on how low the visibility and decision height can go. Category II sits in the middle — tighter than the standard Category I approach but not as demanding as Category III.
Why Pilots Care
It allows landings in weather too poor for a standard Category I ILS but not requiring Category III equipment.
Grounding Statement
An ILS Category II approach is used when the weather is so low that the pilot needs approved electronic guidance almost all the way to the runway.
Intuition Check
“Category II” does not mean a general difficulty level or a type of airplane. Here it means a specific approved ILS approach category with lower height and visibility limits than Category I.
Example Sentence 1
The captain briefed a Category II approach into the fog-bound airport, noting the 100-foot decision height and 1,200-foot RVR.
Example Sentence 2
The aircraft was certified for ILS Category II operations, enabling the flight to land when visibility dropped below Category I limits.