Plain English Meaning
It's the part of an operator's FAA-approved rulebook that says which airports and approaches the operator is allowed to use, and how low the weather can be before they have to divert.
Full Definition
The section of an air carrier's or operator's Operations Specifications (OpSpecs) issued by the FAA that authorizes specific airports, instrument approach procedures, and the lowest weather minimums (ceiling and visibility, including lower-than-standard CAT I, CAT II, and CAT III approaches) the operator may use. Part C also lists any required equipment, training, and limitations tied to those authorizations.