Definition
An instrument approach procedure that uses Area Navigation (RNAV) based on Global Positioning System (GPS) signals to provide lateral, and in many cases vertical, guidance to a runway or landing area. The aircraft's GPS receiver computes its position from satellite signals and follows a sequence of named waypoints published on the approach chart, allowing the pilot to fly the approach without reference to ground-based navigation aids such as VORs or ILS localizers.
Plain English
A way to fly an instrument approach to a runway by following GPS-defined points in space, instead of following signals from radio beacons on the ground.
Context Anchor
Seen on instrument approach charts and in clearances such as “cleared RNAV (GPS) approach.”
Derivation
RNAV stands for Area Navigation, meaning navigation along any chosen path within a defined area, rather than directly to or from a ground station. GPS stands for Global Positioning System. Together, the title tells you the approach is built on area navigation, with GPS as the source of position information.
Why Pilots Care
It allows safe landings at airports without ground-based navigation aids, expanding access and options in low visibility.
Intuition Check
An “approach” here does not just mean moving closer to the airport. It means a published instrument procedure with specific courses, altitudes, and instructions.
Example Sentence 1
With the ILS out of service, the crew briefed and flew the RNAV (GPS) approach to Runway 27, descending to the LPV minimums.
Example Sentence 2
On the RNAV (GPS) approach the aircraft descended along the published glidepath until reaching the decision altitude.