Definition
V-speeds are standardized airspeeds, expressed in knots, that define performance limits and operational reference points for an airplane. Each V-speed has a specific meaning assigned by regulation or by the manufacturer, and is published in the Pilot's Operating Handbook (POH) or Airplane Flight Manual (AFM). Examples include VS (stall speed), VR (rotation speed), VX (best angle of climb), VY (best rate of climb), and in multiengine airplanes VMC (minimum control speed) and VYSE (best rate of climb single-engine).
Plain English
V-speeds are the named airspeeds a pilot uses to fly the airplane safely and correctly, like the speed to lift off, the speed to climb, and the slowest speed at which the airplane still flies. Each one has a letter code starting with V, and the exact numbers are listed in the airplane's handbook.
Context Anchor
Seen in airplane manuals, cockpit placards, checklists, performance charts, and multiengine training discussions.
Derivation
The V comes from the French 'vitesse,' meaning speed. Aviation borrowed the letter as a universal label, so any airspeed reference starting with V signals a defined performance speed rather than a momentary reading.
Why Pilots Care
Correct use of V-speeds prevents loss of control and ensures the aircraft performs as certified, especially after an engine failure on a multiengine airplane.
Intuition Check
Do not treat V-speeds as one single speed. They are a family of different named speeds, and each one has its own purpose.
Example Sentence 1
During the takeoff briefing, the instructor reviewed the key V-speeds for the flight, including rotation speed and best rate of climb.
Example Sentence 2
After the left engine failed, the pilot maintained the published V-speeds to keep directional control and climb performance.