Definition
The published descent angle, in degrees below horizontal, from the final approach fix (FAF) to the threshold crossing height (TCH) on a non-precision approach. It provides a stabilized, constant-rate descent path so the aircraft arrives at the runway threshold at the correct height without resorting to step-down, dive-and-drive techniques.
Plain English
It is the steady downward slope, measured in degrees, that an aircraft should follow from the start of the final approach down to just above the runway. Flying this angle means descending smoothly at one constant rate instead of dropping in stages.
Context Anchor
Seen in the profile view of instrument approach charts, especially on approaches that do not provide an electronic glideslope.
Derivation
From Latin verticalis (upright, overhead) and Old French descendre (to climb down). 'Angle' is the geometric tilt below horizontal. Together it describes the tilt of the descent path — useful because the chart is telling the pilot exactly how steep the path down to the runway should be.
Why Pilots Care
Following the published VDA produces a stable descent that meets obstacle clearance requirements and positions the aircraft correctly for landing.
Grounding Statement
A 3.00° VDA means the airplane is intended to follow a shallow, steady downhill path toward the runway.
Intuition Check
Do not treat VDA as a glideslope signal or a clearance to descend. It is a charted descent angle that helps you plan a stable path while still following all published altitude limits.
Example Sentence 1
The crew briefed the 3.00-degree VDA shown on the approach plate and set a descent rate that would keep them on that path.
Example Sentence 2
We adjusted power to stay on the VDA and crossed the threshold at the correct height.