Plain English Meaning
A test the pilot performs to make sure the airplane's VOR navigation receiver is reading accurately. It has to be done within the last 30 days before flying on instruments, and the result has to be written down.
Full Definition
A required operational test that confirms a VOR receiver in the aircraft is indicating bearings within allowable tolerance before the equipment is used for IFR flight. The check must be conducted within the preceding 30 days using one of the FAA-authorized methods: a VOT signal (±4° tolerance), a designated airborne or ground checkpoint (±6° airborne, ±4° ground), a dual VOR cross-check between two independent receivers (within 4° of each other), or an airborne check a prominent landmark on a published . The date, place, , and 's signature must be recorded in the or other reliable record.