Definition
A precision instrument approach using an ILS that allows landing with lower minimums than a standard (Category I) ILS approach, typically a decision height of 100 feet above the runway touchdown zone and a runway visual range of 1,200 feet. Category II approaches require specially certified aircraft equipment, a specifically authorized pilot, and a runway and ILS facility approved for Category II operations.
Plain English
An ILS approach that lets the pilot fly closer to the ground in worse visibility before needing to see the runway, but only if the pilot, the aircraft, and the runway are all specially approved for it.
Context Anchor
Seen in instrument landing system approach discussions, low-visibility landing procedures, approach plates, and authorization requirements for instrument operations.
Derivation
Category' here means a class or grade of approach defined by minimums. Categories I, II, and III progressively allow lower decision heights and visibilities, each with stricter equipment and certification requirements.
Why Pilots Care
Allows safe landings when weather prevents a standard Category I approach but is not severe enough to require Category III equipment.
Grounding Statement
A Category II approach is for conditions where the pilot may not see the runway until very close to the ground, so the procedure and equipment must be especially reliable.
Intuition Check
Category II does not mean simply the second approach option or a slightly harder normal approach. It means a specific approved low-visibility precision approach category with lower allowed minimums and extra requirements.
Example Sentence 1
Because the field was reporting a 300-foot ceiling and half a mile visibility, the crew briefed a Category II approach to runway 27.
Example Sentence 2
Only the aircraft with the proper autopilot certification was permitted to fly the Category II approach to the minimums.