Definition
A series of predetermined maneuvers, flown by reference to cockpit instruments, that guides an aircraft from the en route environment down to a point near the runway from which a landing can be made visually, or to a missed approach point if the runway environment is not in sight. Instrument approach procedures are published by the FAA and must be flown in accordance with the procedure depicted on the approach chart.
Plain English
A step-by-step path the pilot flies, using only the aircraft's instruments, to safely descend through clouds or low visibility and line up with the runway for landing.
Context Anchor
Seen on approach charts, in instrument training, during IFR flights, and in radio clearances such as being cleared for an instrument approach.
Derivation
"Instrument" here means flying by reference to cockpit instruments rather than by looking outside. "Approach" means the final phase of flight leading to landing. Together: the guided path to the runway flown by instruments alone.
Why Pilots Care
Enables safe and legal landings in poor weather, reducing the risk of controlled flight into terrain and allowing continued operations when visual flight is not possible.
Intuition Check
Do not read instrument approach as simply “an approach where the pilot glances at the instruments.” In aviation, it means a specific published procedure with assigned paths, altitudes, and missed-approach instructions.
Example Sentence 1
The ceiling was 600 feet, so the pilot briefed and flew the ILS instrument approach into runway 27.
Example Sentence 2
After completing the instrument approach, the crew landed safely in low visibility.