Definition
The published angle of descent, expressed in degrees, from the final approach fix (or step-down fix) to the runway threshold crossing height on a non-precision instrument approach. It provides a stabilized, constant-rate descent path in place of the traditional dive-and-drive method.
Plain English
A pre-calculated downward slope you can fly on a non-precision approach so you descend smoothly to the runway instead of dropping down in steps.
Context Anchor
Seen on instrument approach charts and in landing minimums discussions, especially when planning a stable descent on a nonprecision approach.
Derivation
Vertical means up-and-down. Descent comes from the Latin descendere, to climb down. Angle is the measured slope. Together: the slope of your downward path to the runway.
Why Pilots Care
Provides a stabilized descent path and helps pilots calculate the descent rate needed to meet landing minimums safely.
Grounding Statement
Picture VDA as the planned downhill slope from your approach altitude toward the runway, shown as an angle rather than as a distance or rate of descent.
Intuition Check
Do not assume VDA is the same as a glide slope or that it guarantees obstacle clearance all the way to landing. It is a descent-planning angle; the published minimum altitude still controls how low you may go.
Example Sentence 1
Briefing the RNAV approach, the captain noted the VDA was 3.00 degrees and set the descent rate accordingly for their groundspeed.
Example Sentence 2
Using the VDA, the crew calculated a 600 feet per minute descent rate to reach the runway threshold on time.